What is bruxism?

Bruxism refers to the grinding or clenching of teeth. This condition is often characterized by worn or chipping teeth or by dental restorations failing ahead of their normal life expectancy. The word itself is taken from the Greek "brugmos," which means the gnashing of teeth. Many people are surprised to learn that it is considered to be one of the most common sleep disorders.

What causes bruxism?

Unfortunately, all of the causes of bruxism are not yet well established or understood. There are several theories, but by most accounts it is classified as a habit. Among the theories that prevail are that some medical conditions such as digestive ailments or stress can contribute to the condition. Others speculate that changes to the bite, such as might occur following tooth loss, is a contributory factor. Still other concepts include spinal misalignments (following accidents) or nutritional deficiencies (thought to be calcium, magnesium, and pantothenic acid) as being causative factors.

What treatments are available for bruxism?

So far, there is no single accepted cure for bruxism, but it can be reduced or even eliminated if you treat the associated factors successfully. This may include correcting changes to a person s bite that have occurred over time. As far as repairing the damaged already caused, typically a dentist will replace the worn natural crown of the tooth with prosthetic crowns. In the event of tooth loss (following cracked teeth) implants may be advised. The materials used will vary by location in the mouth. To protect the new crowns and dental implants, a professionally fabricated custom occlusal guard should be made for wearing while asleep. It is also important to note, however, that night guards, are simply a first response to bruxism and do not cure it. The general objective of a guard is to:

1. Minimize the damage to the jaw joint (the TMJ) which at times can be severe and may even require surgery.

2. Stabilize the wear patterns on the teeth that at first occur gradually, but progressively alter the bite to a point where the change becomes more rapid.

3. Prevent tooth damage, including damage to existing dental work.

4. Allow the dentist to evaluate (broadly) the extent and patterns of bruxism by physical examination of the patterns on the surface of the night guard.